03 · State & society
Offenses against public faith
Defense and representation in offenses against public faith.
The area
Criminal defense in offenses against public faith
Offenses against public faith undermine confidence in the documents, seals and signs that the legal order recognizes as authentic. Their investigation frequently involves documentary and specialized expert evidence.
At TREU Abogados we take on the defense of persons under investigation and the representation of victims, with a technical approach aimed at clarifying the facts.
Every case demands a different strategy. The difference lies not only in knowing the law, but in knowing how to build a theory of the case capable of withstanding every stage of the criminal proceeding.
How we work
How we handle your case
Comprehensive legal analysis
We carry out a complete study of the facts, the available evidence and the procedural situation to identify risks and opportunities and to define the most suitable strategy from the outset.
Procedural strategy design
Every proceeding requires its own planning. We build a solid theory of the case, determine the relevant means of evidence and establish the best legal course to protect our client’s interests.
Ongoing defense and representation
We accompany every stage of the criminal procedure, from the preliminary investigation to the final resolution, providing technical, strategic and results-oriented representation.
Scope of defense
Offenses we handle
In the area of offenses against public faith, we take on your defense or representation in these offenses.
Tap any offense to see what it involves and the penalty under the COIP.
Forgery of signatures
Altering or forging another person's signature on a document. The penalty depends on whether it is a private document, such as a contract between individuals, or a public one, such as a notarized deed.
Penalty: 1 to 3 years in prison for a private document; 3 to 5 for a public document.
Art. 327 COIP
Forgery and use of false documents
Forging, destroying or tampering with public or private documents, or official stamps or seals, in a way that changes their meaning or effects. Using a false document carries the same penalty as forging it.
Penalty: 5 to 7 years in prison for public documents; 3 to 5 for private documents.
Art. 328 COIP
False content in prescriptions, medical tests or certificates
When a health professional puts false information in a prescription, medical test or medical certificate and signs it to benefit someone else, for example to excuse an absence from work.
Penalty: a fine only, of 5 to 10 basic salaries; no prison.
Art. 328.1 COIP
Unlawful practice of a profession
Working in a profession that legally requires a degree, such as medicine or law, without having one. A licensed professional who helps someone else practice this way is also punished.
Penalty: 6 months to 2 years in prison; for the professional who facilitates it, 3 months to 1 year and a 6-month ban from practicing.
Art. 330 COIP
Frequently asked questions
What clients usually ask us
Does forging a document always constitute an offense?
It depends on the nature of the document and the circumstances. Each case must be analyzed individually.
What should I do if I receive a summons from the Prosecutor’s Office to give a statement?
It is advisable to obtain legal advice before appearing. The statement you give may affect the course of the investigation, so it is important to understand beforehand your rights and the legal implications of each step.
At what stage can a lawyer intervene?
Early intervention is often decisive. Having counsel from the preliminary investigation allows timely strategic decisions, the preservation of evidence and the proper protection of the client’s rights throughout the proceeding.
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